What are medicinal plants?
In traditional medicine, a plant is known as a medicinal
plant if at least one of its parts has medicinal properties, such as the stem,
leaves, flowers, or roots. Medicinal plants contain compounds of chemical and
organic substances. Usually, these substances are obtained from the raw or
processed parts of the plants. Medicinal plants are used for therapeutic
purposes. Studies and research by specialists and doctors are conducted to
determine how and for what applications they can be used. The biological active
substances contained in medicinal plants primarily affect the bodies of living
organisms, such as humans and animals
History of Medicinal Plants
The use of medicinal plants in human life coincides with the
creation of man; throughout all the periods since the emergence of humans, they
have been compelled to use plants. Although the use of chemical and traditional
medicines has peaked in the last half-century, due to their harm to the body,
humans have turned back to the use of medicinal plants. It is clear that the
use of medicinal plants throughout history has been the best method for
treating diseases
In Iran, the use of medicinal plants dates back to the Aryan
era and the Avesta. The oldest medicinal plant is the sacred plant of
Zoroastrianism, Haoma. In Pahlavi texts, it is known as the lord of plants,
which causes immortality. According to Greek, Indian, and European doctors,
humans have used plants as medicine for 4000 years
Applications of Medicinal Plants
We can name as applications of medicinal plants that they
can be used as medicine; including as food and in some cases as fragrances for
us. Medicinal plants have had applications for humans since ancient times
Ancient Greek, Egyptian, and Chinese texts have elaborately
described the history of medicinal plants. For medicinal plants, sometimes we
can say different parts of the plant have different uses
For example, the lime tree can be mentioned, which its
flowers are used for their calming properties; while its leaves have a laxative
effect. As we said, some medicinal plants are used not only for treatment but
also for food purposes, such as dried ginger and jujube
It is interesting to know that one of the applications named
for a medicinal plant is only related to the plant's medicinal part, not the
whole plant! Among other wonders, it can be said that in some plants, even the
peel has medicinal properties, for instance, not only the fruit itself but also
the peel of the pomegranate is useful for the body
The Difference Between Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines
Most people consider these two the same, but they are very
different. A medicinal plant refers to a part of the plant that is sold in
stores and herbal shops for people's consumption after drying or as is,
unchanged. Plants like green cumin fennel cinnamon sticks are known medicinal
plants, and their healing properties are confirmed
Usually, the use of these is less harmful, but herbal
medicine refers to a product that utilizes the properties of medicinal plants
through processes, and is turned into medicine in pharmaceutical factories
Now that we know the difference between medicinal plants and
herbal medicines, we know that herbal shops have the right to sell medicinal
plants, not herbal medicines! These plants should be certified for their
specified number and benefits over the years and ensure they are harmless or at
least least harmful
However, it should also be known that excessive and more
than necessary consumption of anything, whether medicinal plants or herbal
medicines, is harmful to the body
The Best and Most Useful Medicinal Plants
Medicinal plants come in various types, each with unique
properties. Each can be used to treat different diseases. However, you should
know that a medicinal plant is not only useful for one disease; it can be beneficial for several diseases, which we will discuss some of these plants
Chamomile
The first medicinal plant we can introduce as the best plant
is chamomile. This is because this medicinal plant has the ability to treat
many diseases and is almost in the section of medicines with the least side
effects
Garlic
The second medicinal plant we can mention is garlic. This
plant has antioxidant and antibacterial properties that are abundant in garlic.
Someone who wants to have a healthy life and consume natural antibiotics can
use garlic. (Interesting to know, garlic powder also has many properties in
this area.)
Since most people are unaware of the benefits of garlic,
they consume it in small amounts. Another reason that people may refrain from
using it is the bad breath that occurs after eating garlic. However, it should
be known that the properties and benefits of this plant are so extensive that
its odor can be overlooked
Ginger
This plant has many properties; such as being an antibiotic,
anti-cancer, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and a strong antioxidant.
The properties of this plant reduce free radicals that cause cancer. It also
boosts the body's immune system and improves blood circulation
It is used to treat diseases such as colds, regulating
appetite, sore throat, or a blood sugar regulator. Those with blood pressure or
heart problems who take medication for these diseases should definitely consult
their doctor before consuming ginger
Licorice root
Licorice root has been used for more than 1,500 years and is
one of the oldest medicinal plants used to treat digestive problems and some
diseases and relieve certain pains
Hawthorn
This plant helps relieve anxiety due to its calming
properties. It calms the heart and stress. It is also one of the plants that
are beneficial for the cardiovascular system
Nettle
This plant has numerous properties. Nettle root is used to
treat joint diseases and is also used as a diuretic. The root of the plant is
also used as an astringent
If we use the upper parts of the nettle with liquids, it is
very useful for treating and expelling kidney stones and infections of the
genital and urinary system. You can also use the aerial parts of this plant to
relieve allergy sensitivities, seasonal allergies, for the control of hay
fever, diabetes control, and arthritis
Milk thistle
The effects of this medicinal plant are not only not harmful
to the body and physical health but also have a positive effect on thoughts and
psyche. It is a plant that we can use to treat intellectual problems or even
mental and mood problems. Another use for milk thistle flowers is that it used
to be consumed by people in their food basket in the past
Dandelion
A diuretic plant that detoxifies the body. Dandelion is used
to treat eczema, regulate blood sugar, or intestinal problems. It is also used
to treat arthritis. Potassium is a substance found in dandelions that makes it
a medicinal use
Yarrow
Yarrow is a warm-natured plant that can be used to
strengthen blood circulation using the leaves and flowers of yarrow. It can
also be used to treat minor injuries. You can make a tea from this plant that
fights the cold virus. Other properties of this plant include relieving fatigue,
antiparasitic, relieving bone pains, rheumatic pains, and being a disinfectant
Rosemary
This plant contains vitamins and minerals that significantly
support many body functions. Rosemary contains carnosol and rosmarinic that
give the plant antioxidant properties that are very beneficial to health. Other
uses for this plant include that it can be used as a tea, as a spice in food,
and sometimes topically
Lavender
A calming plant that is used in aromatherapy due to its very
good fragrance. Lavender is used because of its soothing and calming properties
on the nerves
Aloe vera
Has a temperate nature and has been used by people for its
anti-inflammatory properties for years. Other uses include treating burns or
cuts and eliminating surface infections. Also, aloe vera can be consumed with
water, which is very useful for digestion. (Consult a doctor)
This plant is used to reduce blood sugar, repair skin
tissues, relieve eczema around the eyes, eliminate stomach acidity or
gallbladder problems
Thyme
Used to treat colds and sore throats because thyme leaves
have antibiotic and antifungal properties
Marjoram
This plant has a fragrant aroma and a warm nature that can
be used to strengthen the nervous system and mental health. Usually, the
leaves, flowers, and buds of marjoram are used. Also, consuming this plant can
reduce obsessions. This plant is one of the most consumed medicinal plants
among people
Cinnamon
This plant has disinfectant properties, which makes it used
as a natural preservative. Cinnamon has properties such as antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and antimicrobial. Cinnamon, which contains
antioxidants, can be used to fight neurological disorders and heart disease.
Some people also benefit from its tea and use cinnamon powder as a spice in
food
Commercial Use of Medicinal Plants
Medicinal plants also have many uses in commerce, which we
will discuss some of them
Food Industry
Medicinal plants have numerous uses, one of which is in the
food industry where they are used as flavorings in foods or drinks, and
sometimes as a dietary supplement. They also have uses such as spices and
seasonings; medicinal plants are plants that make food fragrant and give it a
distinctive taste, and also because of their antioxidants, can contribute to improving
human health
Moreover, cultivation of medicinal plants has become a big
and thriving market. So far, about a hundred plants have been reviewed that
have essential oils. However, there are over 2000 different species in 60
families of medicinal plants used in human food industries. About 3000 types of
flower oils of medicinal plants have been identified and studied. One can use
300 types of them as commercial goods supplied in industries
Today in the world, the production and consumption of oils
are increasing, but because a large number of plants is needed to produce a
small amount of oil, it causes the price of medicinal plants to rise. However,
because the demand for medicinal plants is high in today's society, technology
companies and equipment manufacturers have begun to produce and boost
agricultural sectors. With this work, they can increase the production of oils
of medicinal plants
Treatment
Medicinal plants also have therapeutic uses, and due to the
drug resistance in microorganisms, they can counteract pathogens and also
perform better against microbes. Medicinal plants can help treat diseases or
even prevent the occurrence of diseases
The biodynamic medicinal and treatment capabilities that
exist in medicinal plants allow them to be used to treat many diseases. For
example, plants that have antioxidant properties can prevent diseases. Another
spectrum can be cited, which disrupts microbial activity. One of the features
it has is that it eliminates diseases without side effects or the least side
effects
Also, studies show that medicinal plants have antiviral
activity, which can reduce the consumption of chemical and industrial
substances. It can also serve as an alternative to antibiotics and minimize
their consumption; without the side effects of antibiotics, such as
susceptibility to cancer
Because they have no side effects or at least minimal side
effects compared to chemical and industrial substances, people's demand to use
medicinal plants is increasing
Agricultural Industries
In the world of agriculture, pesticides are one of its most
essential parts. In today's world, the demand of farmers for the production and
distribution of pesticides that help the quality and performance of the product
is great. Also, to be a pesticide that does not harm the crop and its
properties. However, in today's world, chemical pesticides have caused damage
to nature, individuals, and society due to improper or irrational use
Excessive use of insecticides, pesticides, or fungicides,
due to containing toxic chemical substances, has led to dangers. Recent
follow-ups regarding the consumption of medicinal plants show that medicinal
plants cause the elimination of pollution agents and diseases. It also plays a
significant role in eliminating pests, bacteria, monocytes, and even insects
that damage agricultural products
Medicinal plants are not a risk to nature, humans, or other
beings. They are also used to repel pests due to having extraordinary compounds
specific to medicinal plants. (Does not have the harm of chemical poisons and
pesticides)
Cosmetics and Hygiene
From ancient times, medicinal plants have been used for
cosmetic and hygienic purposes. Essential oils of medicinal plants, as well as
their active ingredients, were used for cosmetic purposes and in some cases as
fragrances. The use of cosmetic and hygienic products that have a source of
medicinal plants dates back thousands of years
Based on historical findings, medicinal plants were consumed
in countries such as India, Iran, Egypt, and China, for example, in ancient
Egypt, oil was extracted by evaporation
Another method, distillation, goes back to Greece and Rome,
where they extracted oil from medicinal plants
With the rise of Islamic civilization, innovative methods
increased. With its use, the extraction of oil and the extraction of its
essence, as well as the active substance in the plant, evolved. Today, with the
use of advanced technologies and equipment, the demand for extraction for use
in the cosmetics and hygiene industries has increased
Potential Problems with the Use of Medicinal Plants
If you are using medicinal plants or intend to use them, you
should pay attention to the following points
• It must be taken into account that the consumption of some
drugs with medicinal plants causes problems. Medicinal plants can reduce or
increase the effects of other drugs, which is one of the clear side effects of
these plants
• You must definitely ask your doctor when consuming herbal
medicines with other drugs. Another problem that may arise from the use of
medicinal plants is that the body may react badly. These plants are not
suitable for some people
• For example, for those with serious diseases and the
slightest change in their body inflicts the greatest harm on them. Like kidney
and liver diseases
• Herbal medicines may also interact with people who take
other medications. People undergoing surgery must consume medicinal plants
according to the doctor's instructions and with their consultation
• Pregnant or nursing women should also proceed with the
doctor's opinion during consumption, as some medicinal plants may be harmful to
them
• Seniors or children with very sensitive bodies should also
follow the doctor's instructions and refrain from self-medication
Misbelief
We should not be induced to think that it can be consumed in
any way because medicinal plants have been used since ancient times or because
they are naturally obtained, and it does not follow. It should also be known
that being natural does not mean being harmless. If a medicinal plant can be
beneficial for the body and affect it, how can it not have a negative effect
and not affect the body
Conclusion + Buying Medicinal Plants
Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been the best
thing for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, it should not be
forgotten that these same medicinal plants can themselves be the cause of
disease. So one must be careful in using them and should not turn to them
without prior required information. In today's world, medicinal plants have not
only medicinal uses but also have applications in the world of commerce and are
commercial for some countries
Today, due to the increasing population and also the side effects of chemicals and the high cost of chemical medicines for treatment, people are encouraged to buy medicinal plants. Also, you can buy medicinal plants from online herbal shops, non-physically, and from stores physically.